diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index 8df90f6..ce5dc96 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Postgre Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,47 +40,81 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'postgre';
+	public $dbdriver = 'postgre';
 
-	var $_escape_char = '"';
+	protected $_escape_char = '"';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '!';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = ' ESCAPE \'%s\' ';
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword = ' RANDOM()'; // database specific random keyword
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' RANDOM()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	/**
-	 * Connection String
+	 * Constructor
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	string
+	 * Creates a DSN string to be used for db_connect() and db_pconnect()
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _connect_string()
+	public function __construct($params)
 	{
-		$components = array(
-								'hostname'	=> 'host',
-								'port'		=> 'port',
-								'database'	=> 'dbname',
-								'username'	=> 'user',
-								'password'	=> 'password'
-							);
+		parent::__construct($params);
 
-		$connect_string = "";
-		foreach ($components as $key => $val)
+		if ( ! empty($this->dsn))
 		{
-			if (isset($this->$key) && $this->$key != '')
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$this->dsn === '' OR $this->dsn = '';
+
+		if (strpos($this->hostname, '/') !== FALSE)
+		{
+			// If UNIX sockets are used, we shouldn't set a port
+			$this->port = '';
+		}
+
+		$this->hostname === '' OR $this->dsn = 'host='.$this->hostname;
+
+		if ( ! empty($this->port) && ctype_digit($this->port))
+		{
+			$this->dsn .= 'host='.$this->port.' ';
+		}
+
+		if ($this->username !== '')
+		{
+			$this->dsn .= 'username='.$this->username.' ';
+
+			/* An empty password is valid!
+			 *
+			 * $db['password'] = NULL must be done in order to ignore it.
+			 */
+			$this->password === NULL OR $this->dsn .= "password='".$this->password."' ";
+		}
+
+		$this->database === '' OR $this->dsn .= 'dbname='.$this->database.' ';
+
+		/* We don't have these options as elements in our standard configuration
+		 * array, but they might be set by parse_url() if the configuration was
+		 * provided via string. Example:
+		 *
+		 * postgre://username:password@localhost:5432/database?connect_timeout=5&sslmode=1
+		 */
+		foreach (array('connect_timeout', 'options', 'sslmode', 'service') as $key)
+		{
+			if (isset($this->$key) && is_string($this->key) && $this->key !== '')
 			{
-				$connect_string .= " $val=".$this->$key;
+				$this->dsn .= $key."='".$this->key."' ";
 			}
 		}
-		return trim($connect_string);
+
+		$this->dsn = rtrim($this->dsn);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -90,12 +122,17 @@
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		return @pg_connect($this->_connect_string());
+		$ret = @pg_connect($this->dsn);
+		if (is_resource($ret) && $this->char_set != '')
+		{
+			pg_set_client_encoding($ret, $this->char_set);
+		}
+
+		return $ret;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -103,12 +140,17 @@
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return @pg_pconnect($this->_connect_string());
+		$ret = @pg_pconnect($this->dsn);
+		if (is_resource($ret) && $this->char_set != '')
+		{
+			pg_set_client_encoding($ret, $this->char_set);
+		}
+
+		return $ret;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -119,10 +161,9 @@
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		if (pg_ping($this->conn_id) === FALSE)
 		{
@@ -135,10 +176,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		// Not needed for Postgre so we'll return TRUE
 		return TRUE;
@@ -149,8 +189,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set client character set
 	 *
-	 * @param       string
-	 * @return      bool
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _db_set_charset($charset)
 	{
@@ -191,14 +231,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
-		return @pg_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
+		return @pg_query($this->conn_id, $this->_prep_query($sql));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -208,11 +246,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
+	protected function _prep_query($sql)
 	{
 		return $sql;
 	}
@@ -222,18 +259,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -241,9 +273,9 @@
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
-		return @pg_exec($this->conn_id, "begin");
+		return (bool) @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'BEGIN');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -251,23 +283,17 @@
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		return @pg_exec($this->conn_id, "commit");
+		return (bool) @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'COMMIT');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -275,23 +301,17 @@
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		return @pg_exec($this->conn_id, "rollback");
+		return (bool) @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'ROLLBACK');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -299,12 +319,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -321,9 +340,9 @@
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(	array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
-								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
-								$str);
+			return str_replace(array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -334,10 +353,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return @pg_affected_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -347,39 +365,45 @@
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function insert_id()
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
-		$v = $this->version();
+		$v = pg_version($this->conn_id);
+		$v = isset($v['server']) ? $v['server'] : 0; // 'server' key is only available since PosgreSQL 7.4
 
-		$table	= func_num_args() > 0 ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
-		$column	= func_num_args() > 1 ? func_get_arg(1) : NULL;
+		$table	= (func_num_args() > 0) ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
+		$column	= (func_num_args() > 1) ? func_get_arg(1) : NULL;
 
 		if ($table == NULL && $v >= '8.1')
 		{
-			$sql='SELECT LASTVAL() as ins_id';
-		}
-		elseif ($table != NULL && $column != NULL && $v >= '8.0')
-		{
-			$sql = sprintf("SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('%s','%s') as seq", $table, $column);
-			$query = $this->query($sql);
-			$row = $query->row();
-			$sql = sprintf("SELECT CURRVAL('%s') as ins_id", $row->seq);
+			$sql = 'SELECT LASTVAL() AS ins_id';
 		}
 		elseif ($table != NULL)
 		{
-			// seq_name passed in table parameter
-			$sql = sprintf("SELECT CURRVAL('%s') as ins_id", $table);
+			if ($column != NULL && $v >= '8.0')
+			{
+				$sql = 'SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence(\''.$table."', '".$column."') AS seq";
+				$query = $this->query($sql);
+				$query = $query->row();
+				$seq = $query->seq;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				// seq_name passed in table parameter
+				$seq = $table;
+			}
+
+			$sql = 'SELECT CURRVAL(\''.$seq."') AS ins_id";
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			return pg_last_oid($this->result_id);
 		}
+
 		$query = $this->query($sql);
-		$row = $query->row();
-		return $row->ins_id;
+		$query = $query->row();
+		return (int) $query->ins_id;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -390,27 +414,25 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string . $this->_protect_identifiers('numrows') . " FROM " . $this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-
+		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->_protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
 		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$row = $query->row();
+		$query = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
+		return (int) $query->numrows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -420,17 +442,16 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$sql = "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			$sql .= " AND table_name LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
+			return $sql." AND table_name LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -443,13 +464,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
-		return "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name ='".$table."'";
+		return "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = '".$table."'";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -459,13 +479,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." LIMIT 1";
+		return 'SELECT * FROM '.$table.' LIMIT 1';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -490,11 +509,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -505,24 +523,20 @@
 		{
 			if (strpos($item, '.'.$id) !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$str = $this->_escape_char. str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
+				$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
 
 				// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item);
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (strpos($item, '.') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item).$this->_escape_char;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char;
+			$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item);
 		}
 
 		// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -533,11 +547,10 @@
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	string	table name
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -554,15 +567,14 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -572,15 +584,14 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
 	 * @param   string  the table name
 	 * @param   array   the insert keys
 	 * @param   array   the insert values
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES ".implode(', ', $values);
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES '.implode(', ', $values);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -590,7 +601,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -598,24 +608,17 @@
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$valstr[] = $key." = ".$val;
+			$valstr[] = $key.' = '.$val;
 		}
 
-		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
-
-		$orderby = (count($orderby) >= 1)?' ORDER BY '.implode(", ", $orderby):'';
-
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ".implode(', ', $valstr);
-
-		$sql .= ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? " WHERE ".implode(" ", $where) : '';
-
-		$sql .= $orderby.$limit;
-
-		return $sql;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr)
+			.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? ' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where) : '')
+			.(count($orderby) > 0 ? ' ORDER BY '.implode(', ', $orderby) : '')
+			.( ! $limit ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -627,13 +630,12 @@
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
-		return "TRUNCATE ".$table;
+		return 'TRUNCATE '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -643,31 +645,27 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
 		if (count($where) > 0 OR count($like) > 0)
 		{
-			$conditions = "\nWHERE ";
-			$conditions .= implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
+			$conditions = "\nWHERE ".implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
 
 			if (count($where) > 0 && count($like) > 0)
 			{
-				$conditions .= " AND ";
+				$conditions .= ' AND ';
 			}
 			$conditions .= implode("\n", $like);
 		}
 
-		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
-
-		return "DELETE FROM ".$table.$conditions.$limit;
+		return 'DELETE FROM '.$table.$conditions.( ! $limit ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -676,22 +674,14 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		$sql .= "LIMIT ".$limit;
-
-		if ($offset > 0)
-		{
-			$sql .= " OFFSET ".$offset;
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql.' LIMIT '.$limit.($offset == 0 ? '' : ' OFFSET '.$offset);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -699,18 +689,15 @@
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@pg_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
-
 }
 
-
 /* End of file postgre_driver.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
index 756fd34..6030adf 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Postgre Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,13 +37,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
-		return "CREATE DATABASE ".$name;
+		return 'CREATE DATABASE '.$name;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -53,44 +50,42 @@
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
-		return "DROP DATABASE ".$name;
+		return 'DROP DATABASE '.$name;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Process Fields
 	 *
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _process_fields($fields, $primary_keys=array())
+	protected function _process_fields($fields, $primary_keys = array())
 	{
 		$sql = '';
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field);
+
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
-
-				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($field);
-
-				$is_unsigned = (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE);
+				$is_unsigned = ( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE);
 
 				// Convert datatypes to be PostgreSQL-compatible
 				switch (strtoupper($attributes['TYPE']))
@@ -122,44 +117,24 @@
 					case 'BLOB':
 						$attributes['TYPE'] = 'BYTEA';
 						break;
+					default:
+						break;
 				}
 
 				// If this is an auto-incrementing primary key, use the serial data type instead
-				if (in_array($field, $primary_keys) && array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) 
-					&& $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' SERIAL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
-				}
+				$sql .= (in_array($field, $primary_keys) && ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
+					? ' SERIAL' : ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
 
 				// Modified to prevent constraints with integer data types
-				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes) && strpos($attributes['TYPE'], 'INT') === false)
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']) && strpos($attributes['TYPE'], 'INT') === FALSE)
 				{
 					$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-				}
-
-				// Added new attribute to create unqite fields. Also works with MySQL
-				if (array_key_exists('UNIQUE', $attributes) && $attributes['UNIQUE'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' UNIQUE';
-				}
+				$sql .= (isset($attributes['DEFAULT']) ? " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'" : '')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE) ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
+					// Added new attribute to create unqite fields. Also works with MySQL
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['UNIQUE']) && $attributes['UNIQUE'] === TRUE) ? ' UNIQUE' : '');
 			}
 
 			// don't add a comma on the end of the last field
@@ -168,7 +143,7 @@
 				$sql .= ',';
 			}
 		}
-		
+
 		return $sql;
 	}
 
@@ -177,15 +152,14 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -198,18 +172,17 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
-		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields, $primary_keys);
+		$sql .= $this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' ('.$this->_process_fields($fields, $primary_keys);
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
-			// Something seems to break when passing an array to _protect_identifiers()
+			// Something seems to break when passing an array to protect_identifiers()
 			foreach ($primary_keys as $index => $key)
 			{
-				$primary_keys[$index] = $this->db->_protect_identifiers($key);
+				$primary_keys[$index] = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
 			}
 
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (".implode(', ', $primary_keys).')';
 		}
 
 		$sql .= "\n);";
@@ -220,16 +193,16 @@
 			{
 				if (is_array($key))
 				{
-					$key = $this->db->_protect_identifiers($key);
+					$key = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$key = array($this->db->_protect_identifiers($key));
+					$key = array($this->db->protect_identifiers($key));
 				}
 
 				foreach ($key as $field)
 				{
-					$sql .= "CREATE INDEX " . $table . "_" . str_replace(array('"', "'"), '', $field) . "_index ON $table ($field); ";
+					$sql .= 'CREATE INDEX '.$table.'_'.str_replace(array('"', "'"), '', $field).'_index ON '.$table.' ('.$field.'); ';
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -241,10 +214,13 @@
 
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	table name
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
-		return "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." CASCADE";
+		return 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' CASCADE';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -255,34 +231,27 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
- 	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
  	{
- 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table)." $alter_type ";
+ 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' ';
 
  		// DROP has everything it needs now.
- 		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+ 		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
  		{
- 			return $sql.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($fields);
+ 			return $sql.$this->db->protect_identifiers($fields);
  		}
 
- 		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
-
- 		if ($after_field != '')
- 		{
- 			$sql .= ' AFTER ' . $this->db->_protect_identifiers($after_field);
- 		}
-
- 		return $sql;
+ 		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
  	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -292,17 +261,16 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table_name)." RENAME TO ".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
-		return $sql;
+		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file postgre_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
index 9161bf9..2cfa997 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Postgres Result Class
  *
@@ -41,10 +39,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @pg_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -54,10 +51,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @pg_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -69,13 +65,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
-		for ($i = 0; $i < $this->num_fields(); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = $this->num_fields(); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			$field_names[] = pg_field_name($this->result_id, $i);
 		}
@@ -90,22 +85,19 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
-		for ($i = 0; $i < $this->num_fields(); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = $this->num_fields(); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
-			$F				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name		= pg_field_name($this->result_id, $i);
-			$F->type		= pg_field_type($this->result_id, $i);
-			$F->max_length	= pg_field_size($this->result_id, $i);
-			$F->primary_key = 0;
-			$F->default		= '';
-
-			$retval[] = $F;
+			$retval[$i]			= new stdClass();
+			$retval[$i]->name		= pg_field_name($this->result_id, $i);
+			$retval[$i]->type		= pg_field_type($this->result_id, $i);
+			$retval[$i]->max_length		= pg_field_size($this->result_id, $i);
+			$retval[$i]->primary_key	= 0;
+			$retval[$i]->default		= '';
 		}
 
 		return $retval;
@@ -116,9 +108,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -132,14 +124,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return pg_result_seek($this->result_id, $n);
 	}
@@ -151,10 +142,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return pg_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -166,16 +156,14 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		return pg_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file postgre_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
index dffd8c5..c175a38 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Postgre Utility Class
  *
@@ -39,12 +37,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
-		return "SELECT datname FROM pg_database";
+		return 'SELECT datname FROM pg_database';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -54,13 +51,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Is table optimization supported in Postgre?
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
-		return FALSE;
+		return 'REINDEX TABLE '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -70,11 +66,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Are table repairs supported in Postgre?
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -84,17 +79,15 @@
 	/**
 	 * Postgre Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file postgre_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php */